Uncertainty in Measurements - When Analyses Are Not Approximations of What Should Be

Uncertainty in Measurements - When Analyses Are Not Approximations of What Should BeUncertainty in measurements can have a significant impact on the practice of chemical analysis. In this situation, the chemist has a choice: move to another job or choose to seek a change in employer.Most professionals, including chemists, who have expertise in many different areas, including quantum chemistry, may find it difficult to continue as a chemist if they are often measuring uncertain quantities of chemicals. Other chemists may want to stay in their current industry, but they might need to adjust their day-to-day work because of uncertainty in measurements in the laboratory.Measurement in many different fields may result in uncertainties that cannot be easily resolved by looking at the theoretical results produced by the instrument. The equation used to describe the quantity being measured must be accurate. If it is not, the measurements are meaningless. In this instance, the chemist needs t o investigate other methods of measurement that are less affected by the uncertainty in measurements.Uncertainty in measurements could make it difficult for the chemist to find consistency in the laboratory measurements. In some cases, there is not a great deal of difference between theoretical results and the values found in laboratory experiments. In these situations, the chemist must continue the analyses of measurements made in order to gain confidence in the final results.The uncertainty in measurements can also impact the marketability of an analysis. A well-meaning worker can create controversy if he or she claims that a particular study was created using methods that are not adequately represented in the published results.A strong correlation between the value of measurements and the distribution of certain chemicals can result in confusion and tension between the physical and chemical analysis. A reaction can be more easily defined when the volume and extent of analysis are directly related to the chemical. For example, in a solution of formaldehyde in water, the molecular weights of the solute and its compounds are based on the volume of the solution. However, in a concentration of hydrofluoric acid in water, the molecular weights depend on the concentration of the acid.To help resolve uncertainties in measurements, professionals can communicate with colleagues who have knowledge of a given area. Often, these professionals are able to help reduce uncertainty in measurements by providing specific analysis techniques and referencing references.

Diagram of the Body Online Biology Tutors Tutorpace

Diagram of the Body Online Biology Tutors Tutorpace Human body is made up of different external and internal organs. Head is the region where the brain is located.It is protected by cranium.The brain controls all the functions of the body.The various human external body parts are elbow, knee, finger, nose, lips , foot, ears, hips, chin, shoulder. The internal body parts are grouped into different systems.They are digestive system,Nervous system,respiratory system,excretory system,reproductive system, circulatory system, skeletal system,Muscular system etc. Digestive system: It includes mouth,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine,rectum and anus. It supplies food to various parts of the body. Nervous system:It consists of the brain and the spinal cord which control and coordinates the various body parts. Respiratory system: It includes the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and the lungs. It helps to supply oxygen and remove CO2 which is formed as a waste product. Excretory system: it consists of a pair of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. They remove the waste materials from the body and maintain the proper ionic balance. Reproductive system: They are of two types-Male and female. Male reproductive system includes a pair of testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, urethra, penis etc. Female reproductive system includes a pair of ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix and vagina. They help in the production of young ones. Circulatory system; It includes the heart, and the blood vessels. If helps in the transport of gases and supply nutrients to various parts of the body. Skeletal system: It forms the frame work of the body and protects the internal organs Muscular system: It is made up of muscles and they get attached to the bones and help in locomotion.

The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution What Was the Russian Revolution About? ChaptersThe Russian Revolution: Terms and ConditionsThe First 1917 Russian RevolutionThe Interim Months and The Bolshevik RevolutionThe Aftermath of the Russian RevolutionOur title actually concerns a pair of revolutions, one early in 1917 and the other toward the end of the year, both for the same causes: the country’s political leadership and economic stability.The events are difficult to narrate in a linear fashion because, often, the causes and effects themselves are not linear, to say nothing of the fact that dating the events is challenging for the different calendars used at the time.Furthermore, the terminology used has a different meaning in Russian than their English interpretation.For these reasons and others, we start our dissertation of these historical events with a glossary; a roadmap of sorts to help navigate the remains of what was, fundamentally, an impressive struggle.The Julian calendar, on the other hand, alternates between 29 and 31 days and February presents its own leap year variations; that month might have 23 or 24 days.Why is this important?Unlike most of Europe and, for some purposes, Great Britain, Russia was using the Julian calendar almost exclusively at the time of the revolution.The trouble lies in assuming every event recorded in Russian history on any given date must reflect the Julian date rather than including the possibility that the Gregorian date had in fact been used, especially in when events in Russia are contrasted with global events.Currently and at the time of the Russian Revolution, the Julian calendar runs 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar.That discrepancy could lead to some confusion over the sequence of events. That is why historians denote any date relating to Russian history with either O.S. or N.S. to indicate which calendar should be consulted when considering exactly what happened and when.We will follow that protocol in this text.Terminology of the Russian RevolutionSoviet: literally means council in RussianBolshevik: translated from Russian as one of the majority; Bolsheviks were also known as RedsMensheviks, by contrast, were the political minoritiesthe Duma: the Lower house of the legislative assemblyPetrograd: St. Petersburgat the time of the revolution, it was the capital of RussiaHowever, by the Second World War, the seat of government had moved further inland, to Moscow.Architects of the RevolutionThese are the principal engineers of the Russian Revolution:Karl Marx: philosopher and political theorist whose writings inspired Lenin, among othersVladimir Lenin: leader of the Bolsheviks and creator of the Marxist-Leninist political ideologyLeon Trotsky: Marxist and Bolshevik, though as the revolution was gaining traction, he was a MenshevikJulius Martov: a Menshevik who stirred Lenin’s ire by suggesting peace with Germanyit was his writings that formed the basis of the Trotsky’s manifestoGrigory Zinoviev: a staunch supporter of Lenin, he was, along with Trotsky and Stal in, one of the seven original members of the Politburo.To this illustrious list, we should add Nicolai Ruzsky, the army general who forced Tsar Nicholas’ abdication.Of course, we all know that Tsar Nicholas was the last Russian emperor and his abdication signalled the end of the Romanov dynasty.His role in the revolution is our starting point, now that we have all of the groundwork laid.Rioting in the streets of Petrograd Source: Wikipedia Credit: Victor BulleThe First 1917 Russian RevolutionNo event in history is freestanding: there are always causes leading up to and fallout â€" be it social, political, economic or a combination of all three.Russia’s February Revolution (March 1917 N.S.) was instigated by the 1905 Revolution and the root cause of both actions was Tsar Nicholas II.The crux of the 1905 event was Bloody Sunday, when the palace imperial guards fired upon unarmed factory workers approaching the Winter Palace to submit a petition for their emperor to intercede on th eir behalf.They were asking for better working conditions but were murdered instead!This incident had several effects; among others, it served to deepen social unrest and distrust of the Tsar, as well as stirring up political fervor.It is important to note that the Tsar was not in residence at the time.He had been informed of the workers’ demonstration and ordered troop reinforcements to the palace ahead of their arrival. He did not command the palace guards to open fire on the supplicants; nevertheless, he was blamed for the massacre.This incident cemented the idea that Nicholas II was at least cowardly if not ineffective, a sentiment carried through the world war, especially as Russia suffered staggering losses.During World War I, Russia herself was in turmoil, not only for the casualties sustained in battle but because, on the home front, people were starving â€" and the Tsar was to blame!Flash forward now to 1917...The Tsar had been overseeing the front lines of the war for tw o years.As the socio-economic crisis deepened in Petrograd, the State Duma advised their emperor to establish a constitutional monarchy, at least to see the country through this period of unrest. He ignored the advice and any bit of loyalty to him that the people may have harboured evaporated.Further demonstrations led to more bloodshed, with police firing on demonstrators... before siding with their cause and actually joining them. Other regiments, some in the city on the Tsar’s orders, also mutinied.Member of the Soviet and the Duma quickly formed a provisional government in an effort to restore order. Their first official act was to demand the abdication of the tsar.On March 15, 1917 (N.S.), Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, naming his brother, Michael, to the throne. Wisely, that Duke deferred ascension until the people could vote on whether to continue the monarchy or institute a government by the constitutional assembly.That move, while lauded, left a vacuum in the country’s gov ernance: leadership was up for grabs.The same could not be said for the American colonies; they resented England's leadership, which led to the American Revolution.The Red Guards, armed to the teeth, in front of a Petrograd factory Source: Wikipedia Cedit: Viktor BullaThe Interim Months and The Bolshevik RevolutionUpon Duke Michael’s deferment of the crown, the Duma maintained the hastily formed provisional government, but it catered mainly to the wishes of the aristocracy.In other words: the people still had no champion at the national level and no relief from the hardships of daily life.Unlike their former enemy, where a certain Herr Hitler would become the people's champion in Nazi Germany.The socialist Soviets worked hard on behalf of the people and even earned the loyalty of left-leaning urbanites, but they were under constant pressure from the Bolsheviks, who were seeking a road into â€" or, at least a way of swaying the Duma to their agenda.Lenin led the movement that deman ded an immediate cessation of hostilities with Germany, an end to serfdom â€" those who worked the land should have ownership of it, and an adequate food supply for all.The government wanted to continue fighting the war, which gave the Bolsheviks all the justification they could have hoped for to escalate their revolutionary tactics.The workers who had previously demonstrated without any real direction were whipped into a militia and aimed at insurrection.On November 7th, 1917 (N.S.) The Red Guards, as they were called, violently overthrew the provisional government and rendered all political power onto the Soviets, with the Bolsheviks as the supreme reigning political party.The Aftermath of the Russian RevolutionThe Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, moved the seat of national government to Moscow where, in one of its first official acts, it drafted and signed the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk with Germany (March 1918), thus ending their involvement in the First World War.Making good on that prom ise earned the Bolsheviks a lot of goodwill and faith from their war-weary constituents.Unfortunately, one treaty does not make peace on all fronts. Several political factions within Russia were dissatisfied with Bolshevik rule.The Whites were counter-revolutionaries who rather wanted the bourgeois system to be reinstated. The non-Bolshevik socialists resented all of the power the Bolsheviks accorded themselves in the Brest-Litvosk treaty.And then, there were independent movements espousing the breakup of the nation into smaller nation-states, out from under Bolshevik control.The Bolsheviks and their Red Army â€" formerly the Red Guard, by now well-regimented and well-equipped, was able to put down all of these skirmishes, in the process rebranding themselves as the Communist party.Their withdrawal from the world stage into communism served to shield the country from the ravages brought on by the Great Depression.What happened with Tsar Nicholas and his family?After being refused ex ile in England, where Nicholas believed he might find a sympathetic royal court, he and his family were relocated several times; the last move being to Yekaterinburg.Around 2:00 in the morning on July 17th, 1918, the entire family was awakened, given time to dress, ushered into the basement of their residence and executed.Historians cannot seem to agree on who gave the actual order for this tragedy but Lenin is strongly thought to have commanded it.How discover more earth-shattering events that changed our world's political and economic landscape.

The Evolution of Maths

The Evolution of Maths How Has Learning Maths Changed Throughout The Years? ChaptersLearning Maths in the 19th CenturyMaths Education since the 1960sPsychology’s Role in Mathematics and Science EducationTime for Reform?What will Tomorrow's Maths Tuition look like?Maths teaching in schools has evolved greatly over the last two centuries.While there will always be room for further improvement, great advances have been made in methods to bring maths into the everyday lives of all pupils.Here's a look at the recent history of maths tuition, to understand how we go to where we are today.logarithms and trigonometry, possible for every student.Essential to an education in maths is a good grounding in the vocabulary of mathematics.Early conceptual understanding of mathematics:Research has shown that the kind of maths input that children are exposed to during preschool plays a key role in determining early individual differences in maths competence, demonstrated at school.Children from families of lower socioeconomic status are frequently exposed to less maths in t heir early years, which may in part explain the achievement gap seen at school.Conceptual understanding of science:The language of science is confusingly similar to everyday language: Everyday words often have completely different meanings in mathematics and science, which may be a source of difficulty for students. Linguistic psychology may be able to highlight areas in which prior knowledge causes confusion in this way.Social and motivational involvement in mathematics and science:A variety of social and motivational factors, including gender and race identity stereotypes, have been shown through decades of research to be linked to academic achievement, with a knock-on effect on aspirations.It is still true, for example, that by far the majority of students undertaking maths degrees at universities are male.A student’s intrinsic motivation â€" their inner drive to complete a task â€" can be developed by applying teaching strategies which tap into the child’s natural curiosity about the world and how things work.Assessment of learning in mathematics and science:Effective testing is aligned with an effective curriculum that focuses on understanding the nature of science and maths. Technology-enhanced instruction can be used to provide detailed information on how students are learning and what problems stand in their way of progress. Learn how maths and Art are closely linked.Time for Reform?The UK was ranked 27th for maths in the most recent worldwide PISA ranking: Its lowest place since first participating in the scheme.But are ranking positions a sensible goal for education?If the goal of education is to prepare the next generation to take their place in the world, then how about shifting focus to relevance, instead of rankings?Maths education must prepare the next generation for the world of tomorrow  (Source: commons.wikimedia.org  - Ministerio de Educación, Columbia)According to a 2014 Guardian article, the problem with maths education lies in;“the […] difference between maths in education and maths in the real world: everywhere, we are teaching largely the wrong maths […]. In the real world we use computers for calculating, almost universally; in education we use people for calculating, almost universally.”At a time when maths, in the form of IT; telecommunications; artificial intelligence; automation and more are increasingly responsible for running the background processes of daily life, maths education still places an emphasis on laboriously practising skills that have long since become mechanised and delegated to computers, in the real world.Students lack exposure to real world maths problems, in favour of simplified ‘toy’ problems. While real problems are messier and more complicated, they can be handled by using computers to deal with the calculations.This current approach leads to students forming the impression that maths is irrelevant to their lives, when in fact the opposite is true, and increasingly so.T here is a growing divide between the maths that students are faced with in school, and real-life needs. The mathematical demands of the real world are increasingly complex, but our educational systems are taking the wrong direction in closing the gap.We should ditch the rote learning of mental maths calculations, and get students to tackle real world examples, using the power of computing and calculus. Examining statistics, cracking cyphers or redesigning public transport systems would show students the creativity, lateral thinking and conceptual understanding needed to solve complex problems from the real world â€" with the power of computer calculations.The UK has recently joined the small club of countries in which coding is part of the school educational system. Coding is the language of computers and a necessary step towards solving complex calculations and mathematics.Estonia was the first country to push coding in schools and to implement a computer-based educational system f or the teaching of maths. It’s also the top-ranked country in Europe in the PISA rankings.Find the perfect math tutor on Superprof.What will Tomorrow's Maths Tuition look like?Ideally, maths instruction will become more connected to real life, and take into consideration students from all backgrounds.Computers and coding will be  central to the future of education  (Source:  Max Pixel)Here are some of the challenges that need to be addressed in order for quality mathematics education to be available to all:Make demonstrations, for example in geometry, more accessible to the majority of students.Make exercises relevant to real-life situations, to combat the perception that  mathematics is divorced from and irrelevant to everyday life.Allow for differences within the same class (students who struggle and those who find maths easy) while building on a common core of mathematics.Empower teachers to tailor their courses to their students' needs through customised exercises.Place an e mphasis on the relevance of maths to careers following higher education.How maths is taught is constantly evolving. Many teachers agree that this evolution is a positive phenomenon, whether through the influence of scientific subjects, artistic subjects the definition of a common core for classes to follow.An objective for maths teaching in years to come should be a reduction in the number of students failing the subject due to the pressure of over-demanding instruction.What will the 21st-century hold by way of changes in the way maths is taught?Learn about the Genius of Albert Einstein and his contribution to Maths.

3 Thesis Struggles and How to Overcome Them

3 Thesis Struggles and How to Overcome Them Writing a thesis a major paper or essay is no small feat. Imagine you have finished the research, gathered your data, and created your main premise: now it is time to shape all of your information into the body of a thesis. Here are three thesis struggles you might run into along the way, as well as strategies to overcome them: 1. Unclear claim A strong thesis relies on a clearly written and understood line of argument. To come up with your central claim, look for patterns that emerge across all of your data. You want to make a claim that is not completely obvious; it should add something new to your classroom dialogue on the subject. At the same time, your claim should not be too far-fetched, as these kinds of statements are typically difficult to support with evidence. Do not think too big or too small, and make sure you can back up the claim with data or other forms of evidence. If you can, run your argument by a classmate, writing tutor, or even your professor. Avoid abstractions and scale back your language as much as possible. This way, your thesis will start off on solid ground. Theseare some great tips to boostyour writing skills. 2. No structure or cohesion Once you have a central claim that you feel good about, you should organize your thesis in a logical way. Before drafting, list out your claim, main ideas, and supporting details in an outline. You may want to take advantage of templates on your word processing program or print a sample outline from the Internet. Do not limit yourself to a single sheet of paper if you like, spread notecards out on the floor or stick post-it notes on your wall. Color-code related information to make connections across ideas. If you have already started to write, an outline is still a useful tool. Dont be afraid to move information around or eliminate irrelevant ideas or sections. You can always find other resources or add information later if necessary. You may find that your thesis makes more sense if some elements are presented in a new order, or if they are slightly tweaked. Here are some great tips for writing an essayyou may find useful as well. 3. Lack of adequate and relevant support Even if you are comfortable with the claim or organization of your thesis, your main ideas may not have adequate or relevant support. Double-check that all of your examples relate directly to the main idea, which in turn should connect to the central claim. Do you have enough examples for each main idea? It is unlikely that you need the same number of examples for each, but every idea you present should be supported by a proper amount of evidence. Consider widening your research base if you do not have enough support. Look at your current sources to see where those authors found their information. You may be able to find other books, articles, or online research that will strengthen your overall thesis. Writing a thesis is an exercise in synthesizing and condensing information in a presentable way. It may seem like a solitary or highly individualized activity, but you are not alone! Along with the strategies shown here, you can consult others in your academic community. Use these tips and conquer your thesis struggles now.

Assertion is a Vital Skill Learn It NOW! - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Assertion is a Vital Skill â€" Learn It NOW! - Introvert Whisperer Assertion is a Vital Skill â€" Learn It NOW! Let me emphasize that Self-Promotion doesn’t have to be obnoxious to be effective.  But, if you don’t Self-Promote you, who will?  If you ever want to get ahead, you have to learn how to Self-Promote. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my video that shows you simple, yet effective ways to Self-Promote. Start watching now by clicking here! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

Teens Resistant to ADHD Therapy

Teens Resistant to ADHD Therapy When your teenager is struggling, you naturally want to do everything that you can to help them. For many teens with ADHD, that means working with a therapist as part of their treatment plan. But what can do you do as a parent if you know that your teen needs therapy, but they refuse to attend sessions? How can you get them the help they need if you cant even get them into the therapists office in the first place? Its very common for teenagers with ADHD (and teenagers without ADHD for that matter) to be resistant to the idea of working with a therapist. There isnt usually one single factor driving the resistance, and the underlying reasons vary from teen to teen, but there are usually some similar themes. For starters, some teens are generally opposed to anything that they perceive as being their parents idea. They want to be in control of their own decisions, and they certainly dont want to do something just because their parents tell them its in their best interest. For teens with ADHD who have a history of Oppositional Defiant Disorder, this reason alone may be why they are refusing treatment. Other teens dont want to meet with a therapist because they have misconceptions about what therapy is, or they view therapy as a sign that there is something wrong with them. While this line of reasoning may not be accurate, it can be hard for parents to convince their teen to change their point of vi ew. Lastly, there are some teens who worry that the therapist wont be able to help them and sessions will be a waste of time, and others who fear feeling uncomfortable in sessions if they are asked to discuss things they would rather avoid. So, as a parent, what should you do? With any one of the scenarios above, how do you convince your teen to go to therapy? And if you succeed in getting them to see a therapist, how do you make sure that your teen will cooperate once they are in the session? There is no easy one-size-fits-all solution here, but there are a few strategies that may help. Approach the situation from the teens point of view. When it comes to getting your teen to go to therapy sessions, talking to them about the reasons why you think they need treatment is not going to work. Instead, look at the situation from the teenagers point of view. Think about the things that are most important to them, and which of those things may not be going very well right now. Maybe they cant participate in extracurricular activities because of poor grades, are struggling with friendships, are worried that they wont get into college, or are tired of arguing with their parents all the time. Whatever it is, talk to them about how therapy can help improve these aspects of their lives. Engage a respected peer or adult. Often teenagers are simply not in a mental space where they are able or willing to hear what their parents are saying to them. No matter what their parents say, they refuse to listen. To really get through to your teen, they may need to hear about the benefits of therapy from a respected peer or adult in their life. Ideally, this person will have had experience with therapy themselves and can talk about their experience. Sometimes it just takes the right messenger to get a teenager to listen. Provide incentives. If all else fails, consider providing incentives or rewards for your teen if they attend therapy sessions. Remember that the primary goal at this stage is to get your teen into treatment. If incentives, either in the form of privileges (e.g. a later curfew on the weekends) or tangible rewards (e.g. gift cards or money toward a big-ticket item that they would like to buy), do the trick, then it may be a short-term solution that ultimately gets them one step closer to accepting the help that they need. When you succeed in getting your child to attend therapy sessions, try not to worry too much about how they behave once they are actually in the room. It can be frustrating to think that your teen may be wasting valuable time and money by not giving 100%, but as a parent, there really isnt much you can do to control what your teen does during therapy sessions. Fortunately, good therapists who have experience with adolescents can form close bonds with even the most resistant teens. The best thing you can do as a parent is research therapists ahead of time and find one who seems like they will be a good fit for your teen. If, after a couple of months, the therapist and teen tell you that your teen isnt participating in sessions, then it may be time to look for a new therapist. In the meantime, do what you can to get your teenager into the therapists office, and then let the therapist take the lead from there. ABOUT DR. MARY ROONEY Mary Rooney, Ph.D., is a licensed clinical psychologist in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Francisco. Dr Rooney is a researcher and clinician specializing in the evaluation and treatment of ADHD and co-occurring behavioral, anxiety, and mood disorders. A strong advocate for those with attention and behavior problems, Dr. Rooney is committed to developing and providing comprehensive, cutting edge treatments tailored to meet the unique needs of each child and adolescent. Dr. Rooney's clinical interventions and research avenues emphasize working closely with parents and teachers to create supportive, structured home and school environments that enable children and adolescents to reach their full potential. In addition, Dr. Rooney serves as a consultant and ADHD expert to Huntington Learning Centers. ABOUT HUNTINGTON Huntington Learning Center is the tutoring and test prep leader. Its certified tutors provide individualized instruction in reading, phonics, writing, study skills, elementary and middle school math, Algebra through Calculus, Chemistry, and other sciences. It preps for the SAT and ACT, as well as state and standardized exams. Huntington programs develop the skills, confidence, and motivation to help students of all levels succeed and meet the needs of Common Core State Standards. Founded in 1977, Huntington's mission is to give every student the best education possible. Call us today at 1.800.CAN LEARN to discuss how Huntington can help your child. For franchise opportunities please visit www.huntingtonfranchise.com. This website does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The material on this site is provided for educational purposes only.